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Entered as second-class matter at the I'ostoflice, Washington, D. C. 
OL. I. WASHINGTON, D C, FEBRUARY 33-39, 1896. NO. 7-8. 

COMIVIANDERS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 

BY JOHN Mcelroy. 

(.Copyright, 1H90.) 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Strength of Armv at Yarimis Dates 
Portrait of Gen. Josiah Harniar 
Sketch of Gen. Josiali Harmav 
Portrait of Gen. Arthur St. Clair 
Sketch ot Gen. Arthur St. Chiir 
Portrait of Gen. Anthony Wayne 
Sketch of Gen. Anthony Wayne 
Portrait oi'.(ien. Jas. Wilkinson 
Sketch of Gen. Jas. Wilkinson 
Portrait of Gen. George Wasliin<:ton 
Sketch of Gen. Geor^'e Wasliinjjiton 
Portrait of Gen. Alexander Hamilton 
Sketch of Gen. Alexander Hamilton 
Portrait of Gen. Henry Dearborn 
Sketch of Gen. Henry Dearborn 
Portrait of Gen. Jacob Brown 
Sketch of Gen. Jacob Brown 
Portrait of Gen. Alexander Macomb 



Sketch of Gen. Alexander Macomb 
Portrait of Gen. Wintield Scott 
Sketch of Gen. Wintield Scott. 
Portrait of Gen. Geo. B. McClellan 
Sketch of Gen. Geo. B. McClellan 
Portrait of Gen H. W. Halleck 
Sketch of Gen. H. W. Halleck 
Portrait of Gen. U. S. Grant 
Sketch of Gen. U. S. Grant 
Portrait of Gen. W. T. Sherman 
Sketch of Gen. W. T. Sherman 
Portrait of Gen. P. H. Sheridan 
Sketch of Gen. P. H. Sheridan 
Portrait of Gen. John M. Schotield 
Sketch of Gen. John M. Schofield 
Portiait of Gen. Nelson A. Miles 
Sketch of Gen. Nelson A. Miles 



THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, 



1729 New York Ave. 



Washington, D. C. 



Monosjapb 






Editor 



It. a 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



Its strength at Various Dates as Fixed by Acts of Congress. 
T the conclusion of the Revolutionary War the 
men engaged in it returned to their homes, and 
June 3, 1784, the Continental Congress resolved, 
•' As it appears absolutely necessary to have 700 
non-commissioned officers and men properly offi- 
cered, it is recommended to the following States as 
most convenient to the posts shortly to be vacated 
bv the British to furnish from their militia: Con- 
necticut, 165; New York, 145; New Jersey, 110; 
Pennsylvania, 260, to serve 12 months, unless 
sooner discharged." These were formed into a 
regiment of infantry of 8 companies, and 2 com- 
panies of artillery, under the command of Lieut.- 
Col. Josiah Harmar. All the officers bore State 
commissions. The force was subsequently changed 
by raising the number of artillery companies to 4, 
but the strength remained at 700, and by Act of 
Sept. 29, 1789, the First Congress "recognized to 
be the establishment for the troops in the service 
of the United States." The officers received com- 
missions from the United States, and the United 
States Army tlierefore dates from that day. 

The subsequent Acts of Congress, fixing the 
strength of the military establishment, were: 




Continental Infantryman. 



April 30, 1790 1,273 

March 3, 1791 2,232 

Miirch 5,1792 5,414 

May 30, 1796 3,359 

April 27, 1798 4,159 

May 2H, 179M 10,000 

July 16, 1798 14,241 

March 3, 1799 51,691 

May 14, 1800 4,436 

March 16, 1802 3,287 

April 12, 1808 9,921 

June 26, 1812 35,752 

March 3, 1813 57,351 

March 30,1814 6-?.674 

March 3, 1815 12,383 



March 2,1821 6,126 

April 5 and June 15 and 28, 1832 . 7,129 

March 2, 1833 7,194 

May 3 and July 4, 1836 7,957 

July 5 and 7, 1838 12,539 

May 13, 15, 19, June 18 and 26, 1846 17,812 

Feb. 1 1 and March 3, 1847 .... 30,865 

Aug. 14, 1848 10,317 

March 3, 1855 12,698 

July 23,29, and Aug. 3,1861 . . . 39,273 

July 28, 1866 54,641 

March 3, 1869 37,313 

July 15, 1870 35,353 

June 16 and 23, 1874; March2and3, 

1875, and June 27, 1876 27,472 




FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. 

BVT. BR10.-<^^^HN. JOSIAH HARMAR. 



BVT. BRIG.-GEN JOSIAH HARMAR. 



Commander from Sept. 29, 1789, to March 4, 1791. 

OSIAH HARMAR'S biography is meager in 
details. He was born at Philadelphia, in 1753, of 
Quaker parents. He first appears, at the begin- 
ning of the Revolution, as a Captain in the 1st Pa. 
Battalion. The next year he was Major of the 3d 
Pa., then Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th Pa., and in 
command ; next, Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant 
of the 7th Pa. ; then in succession in the 1st and 3d 
Pa., and brevetted Colonel. As all these organiza- 
tions were hard-fighting ones, as he served with credit 
till the close of the war, and was selected as the rank- 
ing officer of the little peace establishment, he must 
have been an exceptionally faithful and zealous 
officer. When the small militia force of the Con- 
federation, consisting of 8 companies of infantry, 
and 4 of artillery — numbering 700 men — was 
adopted as the Regular Army of the United States, 
he was commissioned as " Lieutenant-Colonel Com- 
mandant of the United States Infantry Regiment," 
Sept. 29, 1789. He had been brevetted Brigadier- 
General, July 31, 1787. The Indians in Ohio and 
Indiana were giving trouble, and Harmar sent 
some troops to that country, who built Fort Har- 
mar, at the junction of the Muskingum with the 
Ohio River. This was the first military post 
erected in Ohio. In the Spring of 1790 he took 
the field in person, ami led a force of 100 Regulars and 230 Kentucky volunteers 
from Fort Washington (Cincinnati) to the Scioto Valley, but accomplished nothing. 
In September of that year he made a more formidable demonstration, with a com- 
mand of 320 Regulars, a battalion of Pennsylvania militia, and a mounted bat- 
talion of light troops, numbering altogether 1,453. He marched with these from 
Fort Washington, and in October came upon the Indians on the headwaters of 
the Maumee River, near the present City of Fort Wayne. He was defeated, and 
retreated to Fort Washington. He lost 183 killed and 31 wounded. He was 
tried by court-martial, but acquitted, and resigned his commission Jan. 1, 1792. 
He returned to Philadelphia, became Adjutant-General of the State, did very 
much to develop the efficiency of the militia, helped to furnish Gen. Wayne with 
troops for his successful campaign, and held the position until 1799, when age 
and infirmities growing out of his service compelled his retirement. He died at 
Philadelphia, Aug. 20, 1813. 




Artilleryman, 1789. 




FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. 

MAJ.-GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. 



MAJ.-GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. 



Commander from March 4, 1791, to March 5, 1792. 

RTHUR ST. CLAIR was born at Thurgo, 
Caithness, Scotland, in 1734. He studied at the 
University of Edinburg, and was indentured to 
the celebrated Dr. Wm. Hunter, of London, to 
acquire a medical education. In 1757 he bought 
his time from his tutor, and purchased a com- 
mission as Ensign in the Royal American regi- 
ment. He was a Lieutenant under Gen. Wolfe at 
the capture of Quebec. In 1762 he resigned, and 
eventually went to the Ligonier Valley, in western 
Pennsylvania, where he secured a large tract of 
land, which he improved by the erection of a fine 
residence, mills, etc. President John Hancock 
commissioned him Colonel of the 2d Pa., and he 
marched with it to Quebec, arriving in time to 
cover the retreat of the American army. Aug. 9, 
1776, Congress elected him a Brigadier-General, 
and a Major-General, Feb. 19, 1777, and Wash- 
ington became very much attached to him. He 
was sent to command the important post of Ticon- 
deroga, and arrest the march of Burgoyne south. 
But, given neither men nor supplies, he did the 
wisest thing in evacuating the fort before the over- 
whelming British force, though this brought down 
upon him a storm of denunciation and even shook 
Washington's confidence. The court-martial convened to consider the matter 
honorably acquitted him of all blame. He joined Washington, was faithful to 
him during the intrigues of the "Conway Cabal," and commanded a division 
which rendered splendid service. After the discovery of Arnold's treason he 
was put in command of West Point, and was a member of the court which tried 
Maj. Andre. He was left behind to protect Congress, in session at Philadel- 
phia, when the array marched to Yorktown, but joined it there just as the capitula- 
tions were signed. He was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the last Continental 
Congress, of which he became President. He was made Governor of the newly- 
created " Northwest Territory," embracing what is now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Michigan, and Wisconsin, and after Harmar's defeat was made Commander-in- 
Chief of the Army, and took command in person of the force moving against the 
Miamis. In spite of his own experience, in spite of the injunctions of \Vashing- 
ton, and in spite of the recent misfortune of Harmar, he suffered his command to 
be surprised Nov. 4, 1791, near the Miami Towns — about half-way between Cin- 
cinnati and Toledo — and be cut to pieces. Washington was intensely indignant 
at him, and he resigned his commission. A Congressional investigating committee 
subsequently exonerated him. In 1802 he returned to Pennsylvania, and endeav- 
ored to get enough of the wreck of his great property to support his declining 
days. He sought in vain to have the Government pay him what it owed, but all 
that he could get was a Congressional pension of $60 a month, which was seized 
by his creditors. He died Aug. 31, 1818, and was buried at Greensburg, Pa. 




Infantryman, 1789. 



/ 




FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. 

MAJ.-GEN. ANTHONY WAYNE. 



MAJ.-GEN. ANTHONY WAYNE. 




Commander from April 13, 1792, to Dec. 15, 1796. 

NTHONY WAYNE was born at Eastown, Pa., 
Jan. 1, 1745. His grandfather was born in York- 
shire, Eng., and migrated to Pennsylvania, where 
he bought a large tract of land. Anthony's lather 
was a farmer, soldier, and member of the Pro- 
vincial Assembly. Anthony was educated at an 
academy, and became a land surveyor, but subse- 
quently settled down on the homestead, and became 
a farmer. He went actively into politics, became 
a Whig leader, a member of the Colonial Legis- 
lature, and of the Committee of Safety. At the 
outbreak of the Revolution he raised the 4th Pa., 
and was elected its Colonel. He joined the North- 
ern Army, and distinguished himself at Three 
Rivers, where he was severely wounded. He was 
promoted to Brigadier-General, and assigned to 
Washington's array, then in New Jersey. He 
greatly distinguished himself in the campaign 
which drove the British from New Jersey, and par- 
ticularly at Germantown and Monmouth. In July, 
1779, at the head of his Light Infantry Corps, be 
made a midnight assault upon the British strong- 
hold at Stony Point, which commanded the road 
into New England, and captured it by a brilliant 
bayonet charge, in which he was wounded. For 
this Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. In January, 
1781, when 1,300 Pennsylvania troops mutinied, he succeeded in persuad- 
ing them to return to duty. Ordered south to Lafayette, his splendid generalship 
at Green Springs, July 6, 1781, turned what was virtually a defeat into a decisive 
victory. He did much to secure the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and 
then marched south to the relief of Gen. Greene. On the night of June 24, 1782, 
he was attacked by a large force of Creek Indians, but repulsed them with great 
slaughter and killed their ablest leader. Chief Guistersigo, in a hand- 
to-hand fight. Dec. 14, 1782, he took possession of Charleston, S. C, thus 
brilliantly ending his Revolutionary career. Oct. 10, 1783, he was made 
a Major-General by brevet and retired to his home in Pennsylvania, 
where he was elected to the General Assembly, and also Avas a member of 
Pennsylvania Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. In 1786 
he removed to Georgia, and helped to frame the first State Constitution. 
He wes elected to Congress and served a year. After St, Clair's disastrous 
failure with the Indians in Ohio he was commissioned a Major-General in the 
Army, and assigned to the duty of bringing the Indians to terms. He organized 
an army very carefully, pushed into the Indian country, and arrived at the 
point where Defiance, 0.,tiow stands in the Fall of 1793. In August, 1794, he 
gained a decisive victory over the Indians at Fallen Timbers, about 20 miles 
from Toledo, O. He next marched to the junction of the St. Mary's and St. 
Joseph Rivers, and built Fort Wayne, where the city of the same name now 
stands. He died of the gout at Presq' He, now Erie, Pa., Dec. 15, 1796. In 1809 
his remains were removed to his old home at Radnor, Pa., where they now rest. 



Rifleman, 1794. 




MAJ.-GEN. JAS. WILKINSON. 



MAJ.-QEN. JAMES WILKINSON. 



Commander from Dec. 15, 1796, to July 13, 1798, and from June 
15, 1800, to Jan. 27, 1812. 

AMES WILKINSON was born in Calvert Co., 
Md., 1757. He received a lair education, and at 
17 began the study of medicine, which he relin- 
quished to enlist in the Army at the breaking out 
of the Revolution. He finally received a Captain's 
comriiission and joined Arnold's expedition to Que- 
bec, during which he became intimate with Arnold, 
and also Burr. He showed ability and gallantry, 
and was promoted through the grades to Colonel 
and Adjutant-General on the staff of Gen. Gates. 

His associations were thus constantly with the 
worser element in the Continental Army, and it is 
not surprising that these developed the bad fruit 
of his later life. He was one of the " Conway 
Cabal" against Washington, and through him the 
conspiracy was discovered. He had previously 
been recommended for the brevet of Brigadier- 
General, on the strength of fictitious services at the 
surrender of Burgoyne. He got his commission, 
but was forced to surrender it, and was not again 
employed until near the end of the war, when he 
was engaged in the Quartermaster-General's De- 
])artment. At the conclusion of peace he went to 
the Southwest, and engaged in trade and specula- 
tion at New Orleans and Natchez. He was im- 
plicated in a treasonable conspiracy having for its 
object the erection of a separate Republic or Em- 
pire in the Mississippi Valley, under the protection of Spain, and was in receipt 
of a pension from Spain. He likewise kept the Southwestern frontier constantly 
embroiled in needless Indian wars, which he stirred up for his own profit. He 
failed in business, however, and in 1791 succeeded in getting reinstated in the 
Army as a Lieutenant-Colonel. He served under Wayne, and in 1792 became a 
Brigadier-General. He continued to receive his pension from Spain up to at least 
1800. Upon Wayne's death, in 1796, he became Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army. In 1805 he was made Governor of Louisiana. It is alleged that be 
originated the plot known as "Burr's Conspiracy," which was a revival of his old 
scheme for a separate Nation in the Mississippi Valley. Gen. Jackson believed 
hira guilty of this. He was tried in 1811, by court-martial, for complicity with 
Burr, but acquitted. Evidence subsequently brought to light would have con- 
victed hira. The appointments of Washington and Hamilton superseded him in 
command of the Army, but upon the death of the former and resignation of the 
latter he again became the ranking officer, and was promoted to Major-General in 
March, 1813. He was sent to conduct operations on the Canada irontier, but was 
very unsuccessful, owing, he claimed, to lack of co-operation of Gen. Wade Hamp- 
ton. He was superseded, and tried by court-martial, but acquitted. He was dis- 
charged from the Army at the close of the war — June 15, 1815 — and went to 
Mexico, where he had much property. He died there Dec. 28, 1825. 




Light Infantryman, 1812. 




FROM THE TRJMBJLl PORTRAIT. 

LIEUT.-GEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON. 



LIEUT. -GEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON. 




Commander from July 13, 1798, to Dec. 14, 1799. 

EORGE WASHINGTON was bora Feb. 22, 
1732, near Bridges Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va. 
His great-grandfather, John, a yonng Englishman, 
had migrated to Virginia about 1657, and become 
a fairly prosperous farmer in the "Northern 
Neck," between the Potomac and Rappahannock. 
His son Lawrence was the father of Augustine, 
who was George Washington's father. They were 
all thrifty, energetic men, and made some reputa- 
tion as leaders in expeditions against the hostile 
Indians. George was the eldest of five children 
by a second wife, and his father died when he was 
11 years old. He got what education he could in 
an " old-field school," and picked up some knowl- 
edge of land-surveying. When he was 16 he was 
employed to survey some lands of Lord Fairfax 
in the Slienandoah Valley, and this occupied him 
about three years. He entered politics, was ap- 
pointed to office, and also Adjutant of a militia 
troop, with the rank of Major. The dispute be- 
tween the English and French as to the Ohio 
Valley was exciting some feeling. In October, 
1753, Gov. Dinwiddle sent him to the Ohio 
country to ascertain the strength of the French 
there, and to formally order them away. The 
French paid no attention to this, and the next year a small force was sent to 
drive them otfi with Washington second in command, but really in charge. The 
French overpowered him, and after a sharp fight compelled him to surrender.. 
In 1755 Gen. Braddock was sent out with two regiments of British regulars, and 
Washington became an Aid on his staff. He was the only man who showed con- 
spicuous ability at the time of the massacre of Braddock 's forces. After the 
battle of .Lexington he was elected Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, 
then gatliering around Boston. He immediately organized a skillful siege, and 
finally drove the British out. C )n-i(lering the dis[)arity of forces, etc., this 
was a great achievement, and placed Washington's leadership on solid ground, 
which he was able to maintain through the whole struggle, until he crowned it by 
his masterly outmanuvering of the British commanders, which resulted in cooping 
Cornwallis up in Yorktown and capturing his entire force. He was President 
of the Constitutional Convention, and was elected the first President of the new 
Government. He was re-elected, but declined a third term. A war with France 
was imminent. Congress voted a large increase of the Army and Navy, and 
Washington was induced to accept command of the Army, with the rank of 
Lieutenant-General, which he did with the understanding that Alexander Ham- 
ilton should have the rank of Major-General, and bear the chief burden of the 
work. He was commissioned July 3, 1798, placed in supreme command Julv 13, 
and held this position until his death, Dec. 14, 1799. He caught cold while 
superintending his farm, and died of acute laryngitis. He was buried at Mt. 
Vernon. 



Infantryman, 1799. 




MAJ.-GEN. ALEX. HAMILTON. 



MAJ.-QEN. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 



Commander from Dec. 15, 1799, to June 15, 1800. 

LEXANDER HAMILTON was born at Nevis, 
an island of the AVest Indies, Jan. 11, 1757. His 
father was a Scotch merchant and his mother of 
French Huguenot stock. He entered a mercantile 
house at Santa Cruz when but 10 years old, and 
remained there until he was 14, when his unusual 
intelligence caused some Iriends to send him to 
New York for better education than he could 
obtain on the Islands. He was in King's College, 
New York, when the troubles developed with Great 
Britain, and attracted great attention by his writ- 
ings and speeches. Washington took him upon 
his staff in 1777, as Military Secretary, with the 
rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and he conducted all 
of the Commander-in-Chief's military correspond- 
ence, and was most invaluable to him in the man- 
agement of his dealings with Congress, the several 
States and the officers of the Army. He also dis- 
tinguished himself as a soldier. Dec. 14, 1780, he 
married Miss Elizabeth Schuyler, daughter of Gen. 
Phillip Schuyler, and this gave him most important 
family connections in New York. Shortly after he 
felt that Washington had rebuked him undeserv- 
ingly, and he resigned, and refused to withdraw 
his resignation, though Washington made the most 
satisfactory aj)ology. He became commander of a 
battery of artillery, and then of a battalion of New York troops, which he led in 
the assault upon and capture of one of the British outposts at Yorktown. At the 
conclusion of peace he went to New York City and began the practice of law, his 
business being much promoted by the passage of a law which excluded from prac- 
tice all those lawyers who could not show a clear record of attachment to AVhig 
principles, which disbarred most of the practitioners of the city. He early dis- 
tinguished himself as an advocate of a strong central Government, powerful 
enough to inforce the obedience of the States and command respect abroad, and 
eloquently urged the adoption of such a plan by the Constitutional Convention. 
The present Constitution did not go so far as he wished, but it was better than 
any other, and he labored successfully to have the States adopt it. This was the 
beginning of his lifelong collision with Jefferson, who favored giving the least 
possible power to the General Government. When Washington became Presi- 
dent he selected Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury, and his administration of 
that office has made a lasting monument to his ability. After six years of this 
work he returned to the practice of law at New York, but when the Army was 
increased, in 1798, for the war with France, Washington would only accept the 
command upon the condition tliat Hamilton be made a Major-General, and second 
in command, and given the task of organizing the Army. When Washington 
died Hamilton succeeded to the command of the Army, which he held until 
peace was assured, when he resigned his commission and returned to New York. 
He was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr, July 11, 1804, and buried in Trinity 
Churchyard, New York. 




Cavalryman, 1802. 




MAJ.-GEN. HENRY DEARBORN. 



MAJ.-GEN. HENRY DEARBORN. 



Commander from Jan. 27, 1812, to June 15, 1815. 

EKRY DEARBORN ^vas born at North Hamp- 
ton, N. H., Feb. 23, 1751. His ancestor, Godfrey 
Dearborn, had come from Exeter, England, in 1639. 
Young Dearborn began the study of medicine, but 
wiicn the news of the battle of Lexington reached 
his tdwn he gathered up 60 volunteers and marched 
uith them in a single day to Boston, i65 miles dis- 
tant, where he was commissioned a Captain in Col. 
k^taik's regiment, and took part in tlie battle of 
Breed's Hill. He marched with Arnold to the 
attack on Quebec, where he was captured. Upon 
his excliange he was promoted to Major, and dis- 
tinguished himself at Ticonderoga, Saratoga and 
INIon mouth. He was present at the sui render at 
Yorktown. At the conclusion of ])eace he went to 
JNIaine and engaged in farming on the banks of the 
Kennebec. Washington appointed him United 
Stales INIarshal. He served two terms in Consrress, 
and Jefferson took him into his Cabinet as Secre- 
tary of War, which position he held for eight 
vi ars, when he was ap])()inted Collector of Boston. 
At the outbreak of the War of 1812 he re-entered 
tl.e Army with a commis^sion as Senior Major-Gen- 
oral. He was assigned to the command of the 
Northern Department. His operations were at 
first successful, and he captured the important 
British stiongholds of York and Fort George, in Upper Canada. Owing to ill- 
health he was transferred to tlie command of the Military District of New York 
City. He resiL'ued his commission at the clo«e of the war, and in 1822 President 
Madison appointed him Minister to Portugal, where he remained two years. He 
died at Roxburv, Mass., June 6, 1829. 




Light Infantryman, 1810. 




MAJ.-GEN. JACOB BROWN. 



MAJ.-GEN. JACOB BROWN. 



Commander from June 1, 1821, to Feb. 24, 1828. 

^^^ ACOB BROWN was born of Quaker parents in 
Bucks Co., Pa., May 9, 1775. He received a 
good education up to his 16th year, when his 
father lost his property, and he started out to earn 
his own livelihood. He taught Quaker schools in 
New Jersey until he was 21, then became a sur- 
veyor of lands about Cincinnati, and in 1798 was 
a school teacher in the City of New York. He 
began the study of law, but abandoned it, bought 
land on Black River, in Jeffeison Co., N. Y., and 
went to farming. In 1809 he became Colonel of 
a militia regiment, and in 1811 the Governor of 
New York commissioned him Brigadier-General of 
the State troops. As such he was in command of 
the first of New York's quota of the 100,000 men 
called into service by the President at the begin- 
ning of the War of 1812. He was charged with 
the defense of the frontier from Oswego to Lake 
St. Francis, a distance of about 200 miles. He 
showed such activity and skill in this that he was 
commissioned a Brigadier-General in the Army, 
July 19, 1813. In the ill-starred campaign of 
1813 against Kingston .and Montreal, which 
Secretary Armstrong's blundering, Wilkinson's 
drunkenness and lack of zeal, and Wade Hamp- 
ton's utter incapacity brought to an ignominious 
conclusion. Brown was the only superior officer who showed ability and proper 
spirit. The army felt confident of taking Montreal if he were in command. He 
was promoted to Major-General, Jan. 24, 1814, and assigned to the com.niand of 
the Northern Army upon the retirement of Wilkinson and Hampton's quitting 
in disgrace. His vigorous administration resulted in the brilliant victories at 
Fort Erie, Niagara, Chippewa and Lundy'sLane, for which he received the thanks 
of Congress and a gold medal. The City of New York voted him the freedom 
of the city in a fine gold box. He was severely wounded at Lundy's Lane. No 
enterprise that he planned ever failed. He was retained in the Army with full 
rank when it was put on a peace establishment at the close of the war, and June 1, 
1821, became Commander-in-Chief. He died at the Headquarters of the Army, 
Washington, D. C, Feb. 24, 1828, and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery, 
at that city. His monument there stands near that to Gen. Macomb, his successor 
as Commander-in-Chief. 




Infantryman, 1816. 




MAJ.-GEN. ALEX. MACOMB. 



MAJ.-GEN. ALEXANDER MACOMB. 



Commander from May 29, 1828, to June 25, 1841. 

LEXANDER IMACOMB was born at Detroit, 
Mich., April 3, 1782. His fatlier was an immi- 
grant from Belfast, Irelanrl, and an employe of 
Astor in the fur business. He subsequently became 
quite wealthy, and bought 3,600,000 acres along 
the St. Lawre'jce, including a portion of the 
Thousand Islands. Young Macomb entered the 
Army in 17*J9 as a Cornet of Light Dragoons, and 
at the opening of the War of 1812 was a Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of Engineers and Adjutant-General 
of the Army. At his own request be was trans- 
ferred from this to the Colonelcy of the 3d U. S. 
Art., and fought gallantly at Niagara and Fort 
George. He was promoted to Brigadier-General, 
Jan. 24, 1814, and at Plattsburg, Sept. 11, 1814, 
defeated a superior force under Sir George Prevost, 
and drov^e him back into Canada. He was 
brevetted a Major-General for this, and Congress 
gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. At 
the close of the war he returned to duty in the 
Engineer Corps, became Colonel and Chief 
Engineer, was promoted to Major-General, May 
24, 1828, and the next day designated as Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Army, to succeed Gen. 
Brown. His last active service was performed 
in the campaign against the Seminole Indians, in 1835. He was the author of 
*'A Treatise on Martial Law and Courts-Martial in the United States," and "A 
Treatise on the Practice of Courts-Martial." He also edited Samuel Cooper's 
^' Tactics and Regulations for the Militia." He died at Washington, D. C, June 
25, 1841, and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery, at that place, where his 
monument still stands. 




Infantryman, 1838. 




\ 



.^ 



/:;■ 



FROM A WAR TIME PHOTOGRXPH. 

BVT. LIEUT.-GEN. WINFIELD SCOTT. 



BVT. LIEUT.-GEN. WINFIELD SCOTT. 




Infantry Orderly Sergeant, 1846. 



Commander from July 5, 1841, to Nov. 1, 1861. 

INFIELD SCOTT was born at Petersburg, Va., 
June 13, 1786, educated at William and Mary- 
College, and admitted to the bar. But he had a 
loudness for military life, and in 1808 obtained a 
commission as Captain of Light Artillery. The 
next year he was court-martialed and suspended 
lor one year for disrespectful language concerning 
Gen. Wilkinson. In 1812 he was promoted to 
Lieutenant-Colonel, and sent to the Niagara Iron- 
tier. Upon the breaking out of hostilities he showed 
himself one of the lew zealous and energetic supe- 
rior officers in that army. He won distinction at 
Queenstown, though finally taken prisoner. He 
was exchanged three months later, promoted to 
Colonel, Adjutant-General, and Brigadier-General. 
He showed the highest soldiership at Fort George, 
Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, and was severely 
wounded at ihe latter. He became a pcpular hero, 
and was offered a place in the Cabinet as Secretary 
of War, was thanked by Congress, given a gold 
medal, and brevetted a Major-Generalfur Chippewa 
and Niagara. He devoted the years of peace to 
tiie study and elaboration of military tactics. In 
1835 he went to Florida to conduct the war against the Seminoles, was recalled 
two years later and tried by court-martial, which acquitted him of blame for the 
failure. In 1838 he removed the Cherokees irom Georgia to the Indian Territory. 
He was made a full Major-General July 5, 1841, and successor to Gen. Macomb 
as Commander-in-Chief. In 1842 he helped to peacefully settle the Maine bound- 
ary dispute with Great Britain. Polk's Administration, which was unlriendly to- 
him, did not want to put him into the field in the Mexican War, but was finally 
forced to do so, and he landed at Vera Cruz INIarch 9, 1847, with a force of 12,000 
men, and 20 days later compelled the surrender of the city, with its garrison of 
5,000 men. He then began his march upon the City of Mexico, and though 
constantly opposed by superior forces in strong positions, he was uniformly 
successful, and Sept. 14 took the Mexican Capital. The Administration tried to 
cloud the fame of his exploits, but the Court of Inquiry added to his reputation. 
He received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and was brevetted Lieuteu- 
ant-General, March 29, 1847. 

In 1852 he was the Whig candidate for President, and received the votes 
o\ Vermont, Massachusetts, Kentucky, and Tennessee, all the others voting for 
Pnrce. In 1859 he settled the dispute as to the boundary through the Straits of 
Fuca, between Washington and British Columbia. His age and infirmities pre- 
vented his going to the field, as he desired, at the outbreak of the War of the 
Rebellion, but he rendered good service in the organization of the Army. Oct. 
31", 1861, he was retired from service, retaining his rank, pay and allowances, and 
died at West Point, N. Y., May 29, 18()6. 




tROM A WAR TIVE PHOTOGRAPH. 

MAJ.-GHN. G. B. McCLELLAN. 



MAJ.-GEN. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN. 



Commander from November 1, 1861, to Marcn 11, 1862. 

EORGE BRINTON McCLELLAN was bom 
at Philadelphia, Dec. 3, 182(5. His father was a 
leading physician of that city. He was appointed 
to West Point and graduated from there in 1846, 
the second in a class ot 59, the first benig C. Sea- 
forth Stewart. In the same class were John G. 
Foster, Jesse L. Reno, D. N. , Couch, Stonewall 
Jackson, Truman Seymour, S. D. Sturgis, Geo. 
Stoneman, D. H. Mau'ry, I. N. Palmer, C. M.Wil- 
cox and Geo. E. Pickett. He was assigned to the 
Corps of Engineers, and received three brevets for 
gallant and meritorious conduct in battles in 
Mexico. After the war he was engaged in im- 
portant engineering and surveying work until 
1855, when he was promoted to Ca{)tain in the 1st 
U. S. Cav. and sent to the Crimea as a member of 
the commission to study the art of war as practiced 
there. He made elaborate reports of his observa- 
tions. He resigned June 16, 1857, to become 
Chief Engineer of the Illinois Central R. R., and 
later was President of the St. Louis & Cincinnati 
R. R. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he was 
commissioned Major-General of Ohio Volunteer?,, 
and assigned to a Department consisting of the 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and the western 
portions of Virginia and Pennsylvania. His opera- 
tions in West Virginia were signally successful, and the rebels were quickly cleared 
out of that region. He received for this, July 15, 1861, the thanks of Congress. 
After the disaster at Bull Run he was called to Washington, made a Major- 
General in the Regular Army, to date from May 14, 1861, which made him out- 
rank all other officers in the Army, except Gen. Scott. He was appointed July 
27, 1861, Commander of the "Division of the Potomac," and of the "Army of 
the Potomac" Aug. 20. Nov. 1 Gen. Scott was retired and McClellan appointed 
" General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States." March 11, 1862, he was 
relieved of this, and restricted to the command of the Army of the Potomac, 
with which he took the field, and conducted the Peninsular and Antietam Cam- 
paigns. Nov. 7 he was relieved of command and directed to proceed to Trenton, 
N. J., and await orders The Democratic Convention of 1864 nominated him for 
President, and he resigned his commission in the Army on the day of the election — 
Nov. 8, 1864. He received only 21 electoral votes — from Delaware, Kentucky 
and New Jersey. He lived in Europe for some years and then took up his resi- 
dence at Orange, N. J., and entered the practice of engineering. He was given 
charge of a number of important works and served awhile as Superintendent of 
Piers and Docks of New York City. He died Oct. 29, 1885. 




Cavalryman, 1859. 




} 



fROM A WAR TIME PHOTOGRAPH. 

MAJ.-GEN. H. VV. HALLECK. 



MAJ.-GEN. H. W. HALLECK. 



Commander from July 23, 1862, to March 9, 1864. 

ENRY WAGER HALLECK was born at Water- 
ville, N. Y., Jan, 15, 1815. He graduated from 
West Point in 1839, third in a class of 39, at the 
head of which stood Isaac L Stevens, and which 
included Jas. B. Ricketts, E. O. C. Ord, H. J. 
Hunt and E. R. S. Canby. He was appointed to 
the Engineers, served in Mexico, and received the 
brevet of Captain. He was sent to California, be- 
came Secretary of State under the Military 
Governors, and was a member of the Convention 
which formed the Constitution of the State. He 
also became largely interested in mining and other 
enterprises, and was Director-General of the New 
Almaden Quicksilver Mine. He resigned his 
commission in 1854, and became a lawyer at San 
Francisco, president of a railroad, and Major- 
General of Militia. He was also a voluminous 
writer on legal, mining, engineering and military 
topics, and was the author of several books. He 
was commissioned Major-General in the Army 
Aug. 19, 1861, and Nov. 9, 1861, was assigned to 
the command of the Department of the Missouri, 
with Headquarters at St. Louis. March 11, 1862, 
his command was made to include the whole West, 
and was designated the Department of the Mis- 
sissippi. After the battle of Shiloh he took the field in person, and conducted the 
Corinth Campaign. July 11, 1862, he was called to Washington, and July 23, 
made General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United vStates, with Headquarters at 
Washington. He exercised the functions of this office, and commanded all the 
Armies, until March 9, 1864, when he was superseded by the appointment of 
Maj.-Gen. U. S. Grant as Lieutenant-General. Halleck then became Chief ot 
Staff, United States Army, until April 19, 1865, when he was appointed to com- 
mand the Military Division of the James, with Headquarters at Richmond. Aug. 
30, 1865, he was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the 
Pacific, with Headquarters at San Francisco. June 17, 1869, he was transferred 
to the command of the Department of tiie South, with Headquarters at Louis- 
ville, and died at that city, Jan. 9, 1872. 




Heavy Artilleryman, 1861. 




FROM A WARTIME PHOTOGRAPH, HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED. 

GEN. U. S. GRANT. 



GEN. U. S. GRANT. 

Commander from March 9, 1864, to March 4. 1869. 

LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT was bora at Point 
Y>- Pleasant, O., April 27, 1822. His parents were 
pioneer farmers in ordinary circumstances. Ap- 
pointment to the Military Academy was obtained 
for him, and he graduated from there in 1843, 
21st in a class of 39; was brevetted for gal- 
lantry at Molino del Rey and Chapultepec ;, 
was promoted to Caj)tain, and resigned July 
31, 1854, becoming a larn)er near St. Louis, real 
estate agent at that city, and finally a clerk in his 
father's leather store at Galena, 111. He raised a 
company at Galena on the news of the firing on 
Ft. Sumter, and took it to Springfield. He tried 
in vain to get a position on the staffs of McClellan 
and Fremont, and finally went to work as a clerk 
in the office of the Adjutant-General of Illinois. 
From there he was appointed Colonel of the 21st 
111., and marched with that regiment into north 
Missouri. He showed so much ability that he waa 
a[)pointed a Brigadier-General of Volunteers to 
date back to May 17, 1861, and was assigned to a 
District embracing southwest Missouri, southern 
Illinois, and western Kentucky, with Headquar- 
ters at Cairo. Nov. 7 he fought the battle of Bel- 
mont, Feb. 6, 1862, captured Ft. Henry, and Feb. 
16 took Ft. Donelson, with 14,623 prisoners. This 
first decisive great success of the Union arms gave him a National prominence. 
He suffered in reputation on account of the battle of Shiloh, and was kept under 
during the Corinth Campaign, but came to the front again when Halleck was 
called to Washington. His operations during the remainder of 1862 were incon- 
clusive, but in April, 1863, he left his camp at Milliken's Bend, and, by a series 
of operations of unsurpassed brilliance, crossed the Mississij)pi below Vicksburg, 
drove Pemberton's army into Vicksburg and Johnston's army off to the east, 
and captured Vicksburg, with its garrison of 31,500 men. In November he com- 
manded in the decisive operations around Chattanooga, March 2, 1864, was pro- 
moted to Lieutenant-General, and March 9 made General-in-Chief of the Armies 
of the United States. He went into the field with the Army of the Potomac in 
the Spring, and personally conducted the Wilderness Campaign, the Siege of 
Petersburg, and the pursuit of the Array of Northern Virginia, and received the 
surrender of the forces under Gen. Lee at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. July 25, 
1866, he was created a full General. He was Secretary of War, ad interim, for 
six months, and was elected President of the United States in 1868, and re-elected 
in 1872. After retiring from the Presidency he spent two years in a tour around 
the world, and was received with unusual honors everywhere. In 1884 a cancer 
developed in his throat, and, after a long period of intense suffering, he died at 
Mt. McGregor, near Saratoga, N. Y., July 23, 1885. During his illness Congress 
restored him to the Army as General on the Retired List. His remains were 
buried at Riverside Park, near New York City. 




Infantry Officer, 1865. 




.FROM C. M. BELL'S PHOTOGRAPH. 

GEN. W. T. SHERMAN, 



GEN. W. T. SHERMAN. 



Commander from March 8, 1869, to Nov. 1, 1883. 

ILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN was born 
at Lancaster, O., Feb. 8, 1820, the sixth son of 
Judge bhernian, of the noted Connecticut family. 
He graduated from West Point in 1840, sixth in 
a class of 42, in \vhich were Stewart Van Vliet, 
Geo. H. Thomas, R. S. Ewell, and Geo. W. Getty. 
He was assigned to the 3d U. S. Art., and after 
some service in Florida, and elsewhere, was sent to 
California, at the beginning of the Mexican War. 
He assisted in the civil administration of the 
Territory, and was brevetted Captain. He was 
appointed Captain and Commissary of Subsistence, 
and resigned. Sept 6, 1853, to become a banker at 
San Francisco. He was Major-General of the 
]\Iilitia during the Vigilance Committee troubles. 
The panic of 1857 rendered the bank unprofitable, 
he closed it up, practiced law awhile at Leaven- 
wortli, Kans., and finally became Superintendent 
of the Lousiana State Seminary. He resigned 
when Lousiana seceded, and May 14, 1861, was 
ai)pointed Colonel of the 13th U. S., one of the 
new regiments. He commanded a brigade at the 
first Bull Run, was commissioned a Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of Volunteers to date from May 17, 1861, 
and Aug. 28 succeeded Gen. Anderson in com- 
mand in Kentucky. He got into trouble there, 
was relieved from command, and sent to St. Louis. Dec. 23 he was assigned to 
the command of the District of Paducah, and commanded a division at Shiloh, 
where be was wounded. May 1, 1862, he was promoted to Major-General of 
Volunteers, commanded the forces at the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 27-29, 
1862, and was assigned to command the Fifteenth Corps, Jan. 2, 1863. Jan. 11 
he captured Arkansas Post, and commanded his corps in the Vicksburg Cam- 
paign. He was promoted to Brigadier-General, U. S. A., to date from the cap- 
ture of Vicksburg, and commanded the forces which drove Johnston beyond Bran- 
don, Miss. Upon Gen. Grant's promotion he succeeded him as commander of the 
Array of the Tennessee, and commanded the Left Wing of the Army at Mission 
Ridge. March 12, 1864, he was placed in command of the Military Division of 
the Mississippi, which included the Armies of the Cumberland, Ohio and Ten- 
nessee, and conducted the successful campaign against Atlanta, and the Marches to 
the Sea and through the Carolinas. He was promoted to Major-General, \J. S. A., 
Aug. 12, 1864, received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and April 26, 

1865, secured the surrender of the rebel army under Jos. E. Johnston. July 26, 

1866, he was promoted to Lieutenant-General, L^ S. A., and upon Gen. Grant's 
accession to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, succeeded him as General. March 8 
he became Commander-in-Chief He gave up the command Nov. 1, 1883, was 
retired Feb. 8, 1884, and died at New York Feb. 14, 1891. 




Infantryman, 1866. 




FROM C. M. BELL'S PHOTOGRAPH. 



GEN. P. H. SHERIDAN. 



GEN. P. H. SHERIDAN. 



Commander from Nov. I, 1883, to Aug. 5, 1888. 

HI LIP HENRY SHERIDAN was bom at Al- 
bany, N. Y., March 6, 1831, shortly after the 
arrival of his Irish parents in this country. They 
removed to Somerset, O., and Sheridan was ap- 
])ointed to West Point, from which he graduated 
in 1853, 34th in a class of 52, in which were Jas. 
B. McPherson, Wm. P. Craighill, J. W. Sill, John 
M. Schofield, Thos. M. Vincent, W. R. Terrill, R. 
O. Tyler, W. McE. Dye, and John B. Hood. He 
was assigned to the 4th U. S., and did good service 
in Oregon. He was made a Captain in the 13th 
U. S., and assigned to duty as Chief Quartermaster 
and Commissary of the Army of Southwest Mis- 
souri, Dec. 26, 1861. May 25, 1862, he was ap- 
]i()inted Colonel of the 2d Mich. Cav., and imme- 
diately began to disj)lay his remarkable soldierly 
qualities. July 1, 1862, he was promoted to 
Brigadier General of Volunteers and assigned to a 
brigade in the Army of the Ohio. He fought with 
this at Perryville, and was jiromoted to the com- 
mand of a division, which he led at Stone River, 
and was promoted to Major-General of Volunteers, 
to date from Dec. 31, 1862. He commanded the 
division in the campaign aganist Chattanooga, at 
Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, and was taken 
East by Gen. Grant and given command of the 
Cavalry Corps, Armv of the Potomac. He rendered brilliant services with this 
during the Wilderness Campaign, and Aug. 4, 1864, was assigned to the command 
of the Army of tlie Shenandoah. He won the splendid victories of Opequan, 
Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Fnr these he received the thanks of Congress, 
and was promoted Brigadier-General, U. S. A., Sept. 20, 1864, and Major-General 
Nov. 8. He finally destroyed the forces opposed to him at Waynesboro, March 
2, 1865, and returned with his troops to the Army of the Potomac, and took a 
leading part in the decisive operations by which the Army of Northern Virginia 
was forced out of its works at Petersburg, pursued to Appomattox Court House, 
and there compelled to surrender. Immediately after this event he was sent to 
Texas to complete the overthrow of the rel)el forces in that section and take com- 
mand of the troops sent thither with reference to a probable expulsion of the 
French from INIexico. Upon the retirement of the French from that country he 
was placed in command at New Orleans, and afterward transferred to the Dejiart- 
ment of Missouri, where he directed very effective operations against the Indians. 
Upon Lieut.-Gen. Sherman's promotion to General he was promoted to Lieutenaut- 
General, March 4, 1869. He succeeded to the chief command of the Army Nov. 
1, 1883, and June 1, 1888, Congress revived for him the rank of General. He 
died at Washington, Aug. 5, 1888, and was buried at Arlington. 




Cavalryman, 1888. 




FROM C. M. GILBERT'S PHOTOGRAPH. 

LIEUT.-GEN. J. M. SCHOFIELD. 



LIEUT.-GEN. JOHN M. SCHOFIELD. 



Commander from Aug. 14, 1888, to Sept. 29, 1895. 

OHN McAllister. SCHOFIELD was bom 
ill Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1831. He 
graduated from West Point in 1853, seventh in a 
chiss ot 52, of which Jas, B. McPhersun was the 
ead and P. H. Sheridan the center. He was ap- 
pointed to the 1st U. S. Art., and after some service 
in garrison was detailed as Assistant Professor of 
Natural and Experimental Philosophy at West 
Point. In 1860 he was given leave of absence, ta 
accept tbe position of Professor of Physics in Wash- 
ington University, St. Louis, Mo. He was there 
when the troubles in Missouri began, and became 
Gen. Lyon's right-hand man. He mustered in the 
volunteers, became Major of the first regiment 
raised, and was promoted to Captain in the 1st U. S. 
Art. When Lyon was put in chief command he 
became his Chief of Staff and took part in all the 
actions of the campaign, ending with Wilson's 
Creek. He was promoted to Brigadier-General of 
Volunteers Nov. 21, 1861, and commissioned as 
Brigadier-General of Missouri Militia five days 
later, and commanded the District of St. Louis from 
Feb. 15 to Sept. 26, 1862, and the Army of the 
Frontier till April, 1863. This was a particularly 
trying position, owing to the internecine war that 
raged there, but he acquitted himself with credit. 
He was promoted to Major-General of Volunteers Nov. 29, 1862, and Feb. 9, 
1864, was assigned to the command of the Department and Army of the Ohio. 
He commanded a portion of this in person on the Atlanta Campaign, and after 
the capture of that place went back with Thomas to head off Hood's northward 
raid. The forces under his command inflicted a severe defeat upon Hood at 
Franklin, Nov. 30, 1864, for which he was promoted to Brigadier-General, U. S. 
A. He commanded the Twenty-third Corps at the battle of Nashville, and in 
January, 1865, transferred that Corps to the Department of North Carolina, of 
which he took command, captured Wilmington Feb. 22, and marched to Golds- 
boro, where he united with Gen. Sherman, and was present at the surrender of 
Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, April 26, 1865. He was mustered out of the Volunteer 
service Sept. 1, 1866; was Secretary of War from June 1, 1868, to March 12, 
1869; promoted to Major-General March 4, 1869; assigned to the Military 
Division of the Pacific May 4, 1870; sent on Special Mission to Hawaii, Dec. 30, 
1872; placed in command of the Department of West Point March 2, 1877; 
President of the Fitz-John Porter Board of Inquiry June 20, 1878 ; was appointed 
Commander-in-Chief Aug. 14, 1888, and Feb. 5, 1895, was promoted to Lieu- 
tenant-General, by virtue of a special act of Congress reviving that grade during 
his life. He retired Sept. 29, 1895, upon reaching the age limit. 




Artillery Officer, 1889. 



"> 




MAJ.-GEN. N. A. MILES. 



MAJ.-GEN. NELSON A. MILES. 

Commander from Oct. 5, 1895. 

ELSON APPLETON MILES was born at 
Westminster, Mass., Aug. 8, 1839. He comes of 
old fi"-htin^r New England stock. He was a clerk 
in Boston at the outbreak of the war, raised a 
company, but was thought to be too young for a 
Captaincy, and was commissioned a First Lieuten- 
. ant in the 22d Mass., Sept. 9, 1861. He showed 
so much ability from the outset that be receiyed 
the unusual complimentof a much higher commis- 
sion i'rom another State, and May 31, 1862, be 
was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 61st JS. 
Y He look part in all the fighting on the Pen- 
insula, at Second Bull Run and Antietam, and 
Avas promoted to Colonel, Sept. 30, 1862. He was 
soon in command of a brigade in the First Divis- 
ion of the Second Corps, and received a brevet as 
Bri<radier-General for gallantry at Chauceliors- 
ville. He was promoted to full Brigadier-General 
May 12, 1S64, for distinguished services at the 
Wilderness and Spotsylvania, was promoted to 
command of the First Division, Second Corps, in 
July. 1864, brevetted a Maj..r-General of Volun- 
teers, Aug. 25, 1864, for "highly meritorious and 
d stino-uisiied conduct throughout the campaign, 
and particularly for gallantry aud valuable ser- 
vice in the battle of Ream's Station " ; promoted 
to Maior-General of Volunteers, Oct. 21, 1865; was nuistcMxd.out of the volunteer 
4vce Sent l,18(i6; appointed Colonel, 40th U. S., July 2S, 186b ; breveted 
B i'adier-cLeral. IT S A.,March 2, 1867, for gallantry at Chancellorsville ; 
S ? ted M jor-G.neral, U. S. A., March 2, 1867, for gallantry at bpotsylvama ; 
trai 'ierred to 5th U. S., March 15, 1869. In 1875 he co.u luc ted the successful 
iTn ai"n by^vlnch Sitdng Bull was driven across the British hue, and in 18.8 
ubd fed the'Bannocks. Dec. 15, 1880, he was promoted to Bngadie.^eiieral 
and in 1886 succeeded in breaking the power ot the Apaches, fta which e 
received the thanks of the Legislatures of several States and lerntones. In 18 JO 
he nppre Se the Sioux in The Dakotas. April 5, 1890, be was promoted to 
MajorTe',eral,and assigned to the conm.and of the Department f ^^^ 
with Headquarters at Chicago. That year he suppressed an ui^ising of the Sioux 
In 1894 he suppressed the Debs insurrection at Chicago, and Oct. o, 18J5, was 
appointed General-in-Chief of the Army, 




Cavalryman, 1895. 




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tical, and other valuable inlbriuation of -ireat 
intt'iest to American citizens, and beiiij: coni- 
jiiled iVoni odiclul sources, may be relied u|)oii 
as correct. 

Price 5 cents yx-r copy, or six lor 25 cents, 
except No. 7-H, \vhi<Ii counts double. 

Tlii' oiiHro sol <»f IS II limbers 
as above lor T.l ooiiis. 

Till-; NA riONAI. TICIItUNK, \Vjisliiii,'loii. t.i;. 



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/ 



/ 



1 




HolHnger 

pH 8.5 

Mill Run F3-1719 



